By what year does Obama's healthcare proposals say that every American must possess health insurance?

I pretty much no nothing about the whole Obamacare debacle, but I need to know 3 things to reference in a paper about a separate topic. 1) Do the healthcare proposals require mandatory health insurance? 2) If so, by what year must we all have such insurance? 3) Whose proposals are these? Thanks sooooooo much
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1) Yes. If you are a resident in the US, you are required to have health insurance 2) By all accounts it looks like it takes effect when the exchanges open up, 2014 3) The healthcare bill is 100% Democrat. Not one Republican in either the house or the senate voted for this bill
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